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R Vectors
Vectors
A vector is simply a list of objects of the same type.
To compile a vector list, use function c() and comma-separate items.
In the example below, we create a variable vector called fruits, which includes strings:
Example
fruits <- c("banana", "apple", "orange")
# Print fruits
fruits
In this example, we create a vector that includes numerical values:
Example
numbers <- c(1, 2, 3)
# Print numbers
numbers
To create a vector with numerical values respectively, use: operator:
Example
numbers <- 1:10
numbers
You can also create numeric values by decimal, respectively, but be aware that if the last item is not in sequence, it is not used:
Example
numbers1 <- 1.5:6.5
numbers1
# Vector with numerical decimals in a sequence where the last element is not used
numbers2 <- 1.5:6.3
numbers2
Result
[1] 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5
[1] 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5
In the example below, we create a logical value vector:
Example
log_values <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE)
log_values
Vector Length
To find out how many vector objects, use the length() function:
Example
length(fruits)
Sort a Vector
To sort objects in vector alphabetically or by numbers, use the sort() function:
Example
numbers <- c(13, 3, 5, 7, 20, 2)
sort(fruits) # Sort a string
sort(numbers) # Sort numbers
Access Vectors
You can access vector objects by referring to its reference number inside brackets []. The first item has point 1, the second item has point 2, and so on:
Example
# Access the first item (banana)
fruits[1]
You can also access multiple elements by referring to different reference positions with function c():
Example
# Access the first and third item (banana and orange)
fruits[c(1, 3)]
You can also use negative reference numbers to access all items other than those specified:
Example
# Access all items except for the first item
fruits[c(-1)]
Change an Item
To change the value of an item, see the reference number:
Example
# Change "banana" to "pear"
fruits[1] <- "pear"
# Print fruits
fruits
Repeat Vectors
To repeat vectors, use rep() function:
Example
Repeat each value:
repeat_each
Example
repeat_times
Example
repeat_indepent
Generating Sequenced Vectors
In one of the examples above, we have shown you how to create a vector with numerical values in sequence: operator:
Example
numbers
To perform larger or smaller steps in sequence, use the seq function ():
Example
numbers
Note: The function of seq() has three parameters: from where the sequence begins, to where the sequence stops, and by it is the sequence period.