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R Operators
Operators
Operators are used to perform functions on variables and values.
In the example below, we use + operator to add two values together:
Example
10 + 5
R divides the operators in the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Miscellaneous operators
R Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used with numerical values to perform common mathematical operations:
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | x + y |
| - | Subtraction | x - y |
| * | Multiplication | x * y |
| / | Division | x / y |
| ^ | Exponent | x ^ y |
| %% | Modulus (Remainder from division) | x %% y |
| %/% | Integer Division | x%/%y |
R Assignment Operators
Shared operators used for variable pricing:
Example
my_var <- 3
my_var <<- 3
3 -> my_var
3 ->>
my_var
my_var # print my_var
<< - is a global provider. You will learn more about this in the Global Variable chapter.
It is also possible to change the direction of the assignment conductor.
x <- 3 is equal to 3 -> x
R Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values:
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | x == y |
| != | Not equal | x != y |
| > | Greater than | x > y |
| < | Less than | x < y |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y |
| <= | Less than or equal to | x <= y |
R Logical Operators
Reasonable operators are used to compile conditional statements:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| & | Element-wise Logical AND operator. It returns TRUE if both elements are TRUE |
| && | Logical AND operator - Returns TRUE if both statements are TRUE |
| | | Elementwise- Logical OR operator. It returns TRUE if one of the statement is TRUE |
| || | Logical OR operator. It returns TRUE if one of the statement is TRUE. |
| ! | Logical NOT - returns FALSE if statement is TRUE |
R Miscellaneous Operators
Various operators are used to manipulate data:
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| : | Creates a series of numbers in a sequence | x <- 1:10 |
| %in% | Find out if an element belongs to a vector | x %in% y |
| %*% | Matrix Multiplication | x <- Matrix1 %*% Matrix2 |